X-ray Medical Technologies

Major: Biotechnical and Medical Apparatus and Systems (Internet of Things)
Code of subject: 7.163.03.E.020
Credits: 5.00
Department: Electronics and Information Technology
Lecturer: Vaskiv H.M
Semester: 2 семестр
Mode of study: денна
Мета вивчення дисципліни: The main goal of teaching this discipline is for students to study the physical processes that take place in X-ray devices, the processes of generating bremsstrahlung and characteristic X-ray radiation. Show the main methods of using X-ray radiation for diagnostic examinations and X-ray therapy. Study of design features and principles of operation of X-ray diagnostic and X-ray therapeutic devices. Acquaintance with the latest methods of X-ray computed tomography and MRI.
Завдання: The study of educational competence involves the formation of competences in students of education: General competences • ZK1. Ability to abstract thinking, analysis and synthesis. • ZK2. Ability to search, process and analyze information from various sources. • ZK3. Ability to identify, pose and solve problems. • ZK4. Ability to work in a team. • ZK 5. Ability to work in an international context. • ZK6. The ability to improve and develop one's intellectual and cultural level, to build a trajectory of professional development and career. • ZK7. The ability to learn and master modern knowledge both in a team and independently. • ZK8. The ability to identify the scientific essence of problems in the professional sphere. • ZK9. The ability to generate new ideas and non-standard approaches to their implementation (creativity). • ZK10. The ability to make management decisions, assess their possible consequences and take responsibility for the results of the team's activities. • ZK11. Ability to manage projects, organize teamwork. • ZK12. Ability to investigate problems using systems analysis. • ZK13. The ability to analyze, verify, evaluate the completeness of information in the course of professional activity. professional competences: • FK1. The ability to solve complex problems of biomedical engineering using mathematical methods of natural and engineering sciences. • FK2. The ability to develop a working hypothesis, plan and set up experiments to test the hypothesis and achieve the engineering goal with the help of appropriate technologies. • FK3. Ability to analyze complex medical engineering and bioengineering problems and carry out their formalization to find quantitative solutions. • FK4. Ability to create and improve means, methods and technologies of biomedical engineering for research and development of bioengineering tasks and objects. • FK10. Ability to perform engineering maintenance of medical devices and systems that include digital microprocessor systems. • FK11. Ability to conduct manual and automated testing of biomedical programs. • FK12. Ability to develop algorithms and methods for calibration of measurements and processing of their results for practical use in biomedical systems.
Learning outcomes: As a result of studying the academic discipline, the student must be able to demonstrate the following learning outcomes: Study by students of physical processes that take place in X-ray devices; Students master the methods of using X-ray radiation for X-ray diagnostics and X-ray therapy; Students' understanding of the physical phenomena that occur in X-ray devices and how to use them in the construction of X-ray devices.
Required prior and related subjects: Previous academic disciplines Biophysical bases of instrumental methods of medical diagnostics Associated and subsequent academic disciplines Information systems in biomedical engineering
Summary of the subject: The study of the discipline is based on knowledge of the basics of designing radio-electronic devices, materials of radio-electronic devices, as well as physics and chemistry. Knowledge of the course "Electronic and X-ray methods of medical diagnostics" is necessary for understanding and studying the disciplines of the medical-diagnostic plan and is basic for the specialty "Biomedical devices and systems".
Опис: General characteristics of X-rays and methods of their use. Physical processes in X-ray devices. Bremsstrahlung X-ray radiation. Bremsstrahlung intensity. Spatial intensity distribution. Characteristic X-ray radiation. Interaction of X-ray radiation with matter. Photoelectric absorption. Compton effect. Coherent and incoherent scattering. Quantitative characteristics of X-ray radiation. Methods of dosimetry of X-ray radiation. Ionization method. Calorimetric method. Chemical method. Photographic method. Scintillation method. Luminescent method. Semiconductor method X-ray protection. Regulation of time spent in the radiation zone. Cathodes of X-ray devices. Constructions of cathodes Anodes of X-ray devices. Fixed anodes. Movable anodes. Disks for moving anodes Optical parameters of X-ray tubes Electrical characteristics of X-ray tubes. X-ray tube cylinders. Tubes for x-ray diagnostics Radiotherapy. Therapeutic X-ray tubes. Monoblocks and emitters. Design features. X-ray emitters. X-ray power supply devices. High-voltage rectifiers. X-ray tube power supply schemes X-ray image converters. Fluorescent and metal X-ray screens. Screens for X-ray and fluorography. X-ray electro-optical converters. X-ray films. Semiconductor converters. X-ray converters. X-ray cameras. Fluorographic methods of diagnosis. X-ray diagnostic methods. Fluoroscopic method of diagnosis X-ray image intensifiers (XRI). PRZ with REOP. PRZ with EOP. X-ray computed tomography. Tomographs of 1-4 generations. Tomographic emitters. X-ray detectors. Scanning devices X-ray stereoscopes and installations for monitoring rapidly changing processes. X-ray stroboscopes General characteristics of X-ray machines. Machines for mammography. Dental devices. Installations for angiography. Apparatus for neuroradiological research. Apparatus for urology
Assessment methods and criteria: Written and oral form of the exam, current control
Критерії оцінювання результатів навчання: Oral and written surveys during the implementation and defense of practical works -25 Total PC 25 points Written component 50 points Oral component 25 points Total 100 points
Порядок та критерії виставляння балів та оцінок: 100–88 points – (“excellent”) is awarded for a high level of knowledge (some inaccuracies are allowed) of the educational material of the component contained in the main and additional recommended literary sources, the ability to analyze the phenomena being studied, in their relationship and development, clearly, succinctly, logically, consistently answer the questions, the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 87–71 points – (“good”) is awarded for a generally correct understanding of the educational material of the component, including calculations, reasoned answers to the questions posed, which, however, contain certain (insignificant) shortcomings, for the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical tasks; 70 – 50 points – (“satisfactory”) awarded for weak knowledge of the component’s educational material, inaccurate or poorly reasoned answers, with a violation of the sequence of presentation, for weak application of theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 49-26 points - ("not certified" with the possibility of retaking the semester control) is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 25-00 points - ("unsatisfactory" with mandatory re-study) is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to navigate when solving practical problems, ignorance of the main fundamental provisions.
Recommended books: Oral and written surveys during the implementation and defense of practical works -25 Total PC 25 points Written component 50 points Oral component 25 points Total 100 points
Уніфікований додаток: Lviv Polytechnic National University ensures the realization of the right of persons with disabilities to obtain higher education. Inclusive educational services are provided by the Service of accessibility to learning opportunities "Without restrictions", the purpose of which is to provide permanent individual support for the educational process of students with disabilities and chronic diseases. An important tool for the implementation of the inclusive educational policy at the University is the Program for improving the qualifications of scientific and pedagogical workers and educational and support staff in the field of social inclusion and inclusive education. Contact at: St. Karpinsky, 2/4, 1st floor, room 112 E-mail: nolimits@lpnu.ua Websites: https://lpnu.ua/nolimits https://lpnu.ua/integration
Академічна доброчесність: The policy regarding the academic integrity of the participants of the educational process is formed on the basis of compliance with the principles of academic integrity, taking into account the norms "Regulations on academic integrity at the Lviv Polytechnic National University" (approved by the academic council of the university on June 20, 2017, protocol No. 35).