Home/ Majors directory/Architecture and Town Planning/Descriptive Geometry
Descriptive Geometry
Major: Architecture and Town Planning
Code of subject: 6.191.00.O.006
Credits: 3.00
Department: Department of Technical Mechanics and Engineering Graphics
Lecturer: Stotsko Rostyslav Zinoviovych
Semester: 1 семестр
Mode of study: денна
Завдання: The task of the study discipline "Draft Geometry" is to master the methods and methods of central and parallel projection of images of spatial forms on a plane, to master the algorithms for solving graphic problems, to master the techniques of graphic images on a flat medium (sheets, monitors).
Learning outcomes: РН1 – the ability to understand the principles of creating technical documentation, the purpose of drawings and the role of a graphic product in the process of architectural and construction production.
РН2 – the ability to use the projection method to construct images of spatial forms on a plane (plans, sections, facades, architectural details and structural units).
PH3 – the ability to solve problems related to the geometry of spatial forms and display the solution on a flat image. The ability to apply optimal methods for solving such problems.
PH4 – the ability to understand the nature of the chiaroscuro phenomenon, to understand the principles of creating shadows under different light sources, the ability to solve geometric problems related to the construction of shadows on an architectural object, the ability to use light and shadow to reveal the best plastic features of the depicted object .
RN5 – The ability to realize the need for lifelong learning in order to deepen the acquired and acquire new professional knowledge. The ability to adapt to new conditions, the ability to apply new technical possibilities for solving geometric problems.
Required prior and related subjects: Previous educational disciplines: geometry, stereometry, algebra, drawing, drawing.
Accompanying and subsequent educational disciplines: architectural graphics, architectural design, architectural constructions, the basics of construction production, the basics of automated design.
Summary of the subject: The study discipline "Draft geometry" is one of the basic disciplines for the training of specialists in the technical fields of production in general and architects in particular. Drawings are the basis of technical documentation of any engineering field. Sketch geometry is the grammar of drawing. Graphical geometry is a branch of geometry that studies methods of representing three-dimensional objects using two-dimensional projections (images). The main task of graphic geometry is to study the methods of constructing images of spatial forms and to develop ways of solving spatial problems using images. Graphical geometry is of particular importance for the development of spatial imagination, which is necessary in the practical activities of an engineer, constructor, and designer. The direct task of sketch geometry is the task of constructing a drawing, that is, depicting an object on a plane and studying the methods of this construction. The inverse task is to restore the shape, dimensions of the original, the relative arrangement of its elements and other geometric parameters on the projection drawing.
The scientific and practical significance of this discipline is that it teaches to master the technical language, i.e. the language of drawing, and to read them freely.
The main tasks of the discipline are the study of theoretical methods and foundations of design, methods of constructing images of spatial forms on a plane, and solving problems related to those forms by their projection image.
The course of sketch geometry for students of architectural specialties of Lviv Polytechnic University includes lectures and laboratory classes. There are also scheduled hours for independent work - execution of graphic works, preparation for classroom classes, control measures and exams. The main control measures are control tasks, tests and an exam.
As a result of mastering the course of sketch geometry, the learner must know the laws of geometric constructions of images of spatial forms on the plane, be able to solve problems related to these forms on their flat representation, know the laws of light and shadow constructions, be able to holistically implement their knowledge and acquired experience when creating an architectural project.
Опис: Lecture classes.
Theme names:
1. Subject and method of sketch geometry.
Design apparatus, projection construction algorithm.
2. Types of design. Representation of a point in space. Octants.
3. Lighting. Natural and artificial light sources. Building shadows from the sun and the lamp.
4. Reflection of a straight line in space. Traces of a straight line. Construction of point and line shadows.
5. Reflection of a plane in space. Determinants of the plane. Representation of the plane by projections and traces.
6. Construction of projections of flat figures. Intersection of planes. Shadows of flat figures.
7. Construction of orthogonal and axonometric projections of polyhedra.
8. Intersection of polyhedra. Construction of shadows of polyhedra.
9. Determination of the natural dimensions of the edges of polyhedra by rotation around the projecting axes.
10. Intersection of roof-like polyhedra. Construction of sweeps of roof-like polyhedra.
11. Shadows of the schematic architectural object in orthogonal and axonometric projections.
12. Perspective projector. Construction of perspective projections. Combined perspective projector.
13. Building a perspective in the way of architects with accessible and inaccessible points of coincidence (method of perspective scales).
14. Interior perspective with reflection.
15. Shadows from a point light source in an interior with reflection.
Laboratory classes.
Theme names:
1. Design apparatus, projection construction algorithm. Representation of a point in space. Octants.
2. Orthogonal projections of a straight line. Axonometry of a straight line. Traces The shadows
3. Orthogonal projections of a flat figure. Axonometry of a flat figure. The shadows
4. Orthogonal and axonometric projections of polyhedra. The shadows
5. Construction of a schematic architectural object in orthogonal and axonometric projections with shadows.
6. Intersection of roof-like polyhedra. Construction of sweeps of roof-like polyhedra.
7. Construction of the perspective of the schematic building in the way of architects. Shadows in perspective.
8. Perspective of the interior. Reflection in the interior. Facade and corner perspective. Shadows in the interior.
Assessment methods and criteria: Learning outcomes are assessed according to the following methods: current control – execution and protection of practical graphic works; oral (individual) and frontal (general) survey; tests; assessment of activity, submitted proposals, original decisions, clarifications and definitions, etc. Examination control.
Критерії оцінювання результатів навчання: Current control.
Graphic works:
GR-1 – 2 points, GR-2 – 4 points, GR-3 – 4 points, GR-4 – 4 points, GR-5 – 4 points, GR-6 – 4 points, GR-7 – 4 points, GR -8 – 4 points.
Survey - 4 points. Testing - 4 points. Assessment of activity - 2 points.
Total for PC – 40 points.
Examination control:
Written component – 40 points, oral component – 20 points. Total - 60 points.
Total for the discipline - 100 points.
Порядок та критерії виставляння балів та оцінок: 100–88 points – (“excellent”) is awarded for a high level of knowledge (some inaccuracies are allowed) of the educational material of the component contained in the main and additional recommended literary sources, the ability to analyze the phenomena being studied in their interrelationship and development, clearly, succinctly, logically, consistently answer the questions, the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 87–71 points – (“good”) is awarded for a generally correct understanding of the educational material of the component, including calculations, reasoned answers to the questions posed, which, however, contain certain (insignificant) shortcomings, for the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical tasks; 70 – 50 points – (“satisfactory”) awarded for weak knowledge of the component’s educational material, inaccurate or poorly reasoned answers, with a violation of the sequence of presentation, for weak application of theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 49-26 points - ("not certified" with the possibility of retaking the semester control) is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 25-00 points - ("unsatisfactory" with mandatory re-study) is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to navigate when solving practical problems, ignorance of the main fundamental provisions.
Recommended books: Basic
Koroev Y.N. Descriptive geometry. Textbook for universities. M. 1987
Mykhaylenko V.E. etc. Descriptive geometry. Textbook for universities. Kyiv, 1986
Klymukhin A.G. Descriptive geometry. M. 1969
Ratnychyn V.M. Prospect. Kyiv: Higher School. 1982.
V.V. Vanin, A.V. Bliok, G.O. Hnitetska Drawing up design documentation "Caravela", 2011
V.E. Mykhaylenko, V.V. Vanin, S.M. Kovalev Engineering graphics. Lviv "New World", 2002
Chetvertukhin N.F. etc. Course of sketch geometry. M., "Vysshaya shkola", 1986
Bubennikov A.V., Gromov N.N. Descriptive geometry. M., "Vysshaya shkola", 1985
Haskin A.M. "Drafting". Kyiv, 1985
V.V. Vanin, A.V. Bliok, G.O. Hnitetska "Formation of design documentation", Kyiv 2000
Preparation of design documentation. Compilers: A.V. Bliok, V.V. Vanin, G.O. Hnitetska, Kyiv NIK VO, 1992
Educational tasks in descriptive geometry and engineering graphics. Compilers: N.K. Vitkun, M.D. Bevs, V.V. Vanin, S.M. Gorban, V.Y. Zalevskyi K., KPI, 2003
State building regulations of Ukraine https://dbn.co.ua/load/normativy/dbn/1
Auxiliary
Architecture. Short reference dictionary. /Generally edited by A. P. Marder. - K.: Budivelnyk, 1995
M. B. Barkhin. Methodology of architectural design in the system of architectural education: uch. -method. manual for architects universities and faculties. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1969
A book about architecture. / composition A. M. Zhuravlev and V. I. Rabynovych. - M.: Znanie, 1973
Gutnov A., Glazychev V.. The world of architecture: the face of the city. - M.: Mol. guard, 1990
Posatsky B. S.. Basics of urbanism: teaching. a guide for architects. special Lviv: Arnica, 1997
Kandylys Zh. Become an architect. Trans. with Fr. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1979
Zestaz B. Renaissance. From Brunelleschi to Palladio. Trans. with Fr. - M.: Astrel, 2003
Introduction to architectural design. - M.: Stroyizdat, 2004
Petryshyn H.P., Obidniak M.M. Architectural design. Initial course. - Lviv: "RASTR-7", 2010
Kuznetsov N.S., Anisimov N.N. Sketching and drawing. - M.: Gosstroyizdat.
Educational and methodological support
Synopsis of lectures (VNS).
A series of videos with recordings of lectures.
A series of videos with recordings of laboratory work.
Methodical instructions for laboratory works No. 1- No. 8. NU LP, 2011.
Methodical instructions for the execution of the "Roof-shaped polyhedrons" eupura. LPI, 1991.
Methodical instructions for performing home exercises. Part #1. NU LP 2012.
Methodical instructions for performing home exercises. Part #2. NU LP 2012.
Methodical instructions for performing classroom exercises. Part #2. NU LP 2012.
Graphic conditions-forms for performing graphic works.
Graphic conditions-forms of examination tickets.
Forms with questions for passing the test.
Layouts of roof-like polyhedra.
Educational posters.
Information resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQqZclClVso&t=46s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5WRVjZ0NVXM&t=33s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTMSkV4185s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dYCe9GF_HY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yz3q8NbepSs&t=145s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSihvmm14iI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKT9ZbQg6kY
http://org2.knuba.edu.ua/course/view.php?id=30
https://znaimo.com.ua/ sketch geometry
https://ng-kg.kpi.ua/files/Vanin_Bilitska.pdf
Уніфікований додаток: Lviv Polytechnic National University ensures the realization of the right of persons with disabilities to obtain higher education. Inclusive educational services are provided by the Service of accessibility to learning opportunities "Without restrictions", the purpose of which is to provide permanent individual support for the educational process of students with disabilities and chronic diseases. An important tool for the implementation of the inclusive educational policy at the University is the Program for improving the qualifications of scientific and pedagogical workers and educational and support staff in the field of social inclusion and inclusive education. Contact at:
St. Karpinsky, 2/4, 1st floor, room 112
E-mail: nolimits@lpnu.ua
Websites: https://lpnu.ua/nolimits https://lpnu.ua/integration
Академічна доброчесність: The policy regarding the academic integrity of the participants of the educational process is formed on the basis of compliance with the principles of academic integrity, taking into account the norms "Regulations on academic integrity at the Lviv Polytechnic National University" (approved by the academic council of the university on June 20, 2017, protocol No. 35).